Engineer Morgunenkov's water-lifting machine on the Emperor Nicholas I Canal near the government house. The hungry steppe. 1911

Fyodor Petrovich Morgunenkov (1880-1939), hydraulic engineer. In Turkestan, chigiri, large wheels with jugs tied to the rim, were used to lift water from rivers and canals. The wheel was driven by a horse, a camel, or the flow of water. Unlike chigir, Morgunenkov's machine worked only due to the flow of water.